You don't even want to know what he calls pancakes. How to tell which packages are held back due to phased updates. The rules are fairly standard for title case: Capitalize the first and the last word. Proper nouns should always be capitalized. But when these terms are part of an actual place's name, capitalize them, as in "Western Australia", "Northern Ireland", etc. Only when it's very apparent or writing the direction names in small letters looks completely off, capitalize them. That means that official names of departments and units should be capitalized and not when referring to just a type of department or unit. For example: The words are also not capitalized if they only indicate locations or the climate or geography of a region. Except for England, the other three countries have their own parliaments. When we write the days of the week, we always use a capital letter. Have you ever wondered when its okay to capitalize north, east, south, and west? Should north southeast and West be capitalized? The name of a theatrical play, but this is also a conventional geographical region that would be capitalized anyway. However, widely known designations are capitalized: the Upper East Side, Southern California. It was first put into effect for large businesses, but it was gradually adopted as a standardized format by everyone. Shawn Manaher is the founder and CEO of The Content Authority. The image of a Southern belle is often characterized by fashion elements such as a hoop skirt, a corset, pantalettes, a wide-brimmed straw hat, and gloves. Do you capitalize the word state when referring to a state? Hi, Lynne. The following examples illustrate not only the principles sketched in [an earlier section of CMOS] but also variations based on context and usage. Southern, according to a co-author, should not be capitalized because it is an adjective rather than a noun. However, if you are referring to a general region, such as the east coast of the United States then you should keep the words lowercase. Do not capitalize them when they follow possessive pronouns such as her, his, my, our, your. The word states would remain lower case if states is referred to in a general way, such as There are two senators for each state.. Capitalize common nouns such as party, river and street when they are part of a proper name. Note that it doesn't seem to be treated as a compound proper noun (e.g., searching for "Southeastern Albania" produces an error since Ngrams is case sensitive and there don't seem to be any instances of that capitalization in the Google Books database). States should also be abbreviated when used as part of a short-form political affiliation. , Capitalize the first word of a quoted sentence. Note that exceptions based on specific regional, political, or historical contexts are inevitable and that an author's strong preference should usually be respected. Capitalizing "North," "South," "East," and "West" when they're part of a proper noun (i.e., the name of a specific geographical region or culture). ), but I'd suggest not capitalizing it unless you're certain it is necessary. Certain public figures get capitalized, but others dont. West is directly opposite east. I tried to describe the difference in my answer below. Do you capitalize Southern in southern United States? . Why distinguishes money from other assets in the economy. Wotan is one of the gods in Wagner's Ring Cycle. The Department provided an initial list of abbreviations in June 1963, but many had three or four letters, which was still too long. Regardless of what side of the debate table you are on, the different thoughts clearly illustrate how differing opinions could be on the matter, causing people to use capitalization rules the way they deem appropriate. The obvious examples of this are countries, states, cities, and other geographical areas: We study the history of Eastern Europe. Browse other questions tagged, Start here for a quick overview of the site, Detailed answers to any questions you might have, Discuss the workings and policies of this site. When used as part of a short-form political affiliation, states should also be abbreviated. Is this correct. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. Should states and territories be Capitalised? When writing or proofreading manuscripts, names of regions and their capitalization rules could be tricky to discern or ascertain. ), Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. The mines are in the plateaus western region. But in other cases, it is more a matter of convention and habit. Todays post explains when to capitalize geographic regions in the United States. Direction-denoting terms such as north, south, east, west, etc. (Most uses will be uppercase.) The argument I hear is this is a region of the building not a direction, so it should be capitalized. However, a co-author argues that southern should not be capitalized, because it is an adjective, not a noun. when they indicate compass direction, but capitalize when they indicate a region: the West Coast. However, I was recently advised by someone who I consider to be educated to capitalize "southern" in this context. In terms of "human geography", the regions and their subregions are elucidated by the ethnography discipline. any that aren't articles, conjunctions or prepositions) should be capitalised. So capitalize The Pacific Northwest and Central Texas, but not We drove west for two hours., The States that make up The South are usually considered to be: Virginia Tennessee Arkansas Louisiana North Carolina South Carolina Mississippi Alabama Georgia Florida Texas. In some cases, like country and city names, this is clear. The plant common name has to conform to the rules of English, however, so if there's a proper noun in the common name, it must be capitalized. When combining with another common noun to form the name for a region . For example, The hurricane move north towards the Gulf Coast. Capitalize such words as Northerner, Southerner, and Midwesterner. In "the eastern portion of Colorado", however, "eastern" is written in small letters since it doesn't denote people or specific culture or practice. When words like northern, southern, eastern, or western precede a place name, they arent usually capitalized because they only indicate a general location within a region. Should compass directions (i.e., north, south, east, and west) ever be capitalized? Learn more about Stack Overflow the company, and our products. I still don't see any "descriptivist argument", much less a strong one. As noted in the post, there's no need to capitalize generic directions (only when they're part of a proper noun). In a June 11 statement, the National Association of Black Journalists issued a recommendation "that whenever a color is used to appropriately describe race then it should be capitalized . You should only capitalize directions, such as north, when you are referring to it as the proper noun, such as "in the North.". Capitalize the traditional geographic regions in the United States: the Midwest, the North, the South, the West, and the combined regions (i.e., the Northeast, the Southeast, and the Southwest). The Chicago Manual of Style and the MLA Handbook, for instance, say to only capitalize Southern when referring to the American Civil War. However, it is accepted that these are capitalized when discussing the American Civil War, for example, and, as mentioned in this article in the final Summary section, some style guides prefer north and south to always be capitalized when referring generally to these areas of the United States. In general, you should capitalize the first word, all nouns, all verbs (even short ones, like is), all adjectives, and all proper nouns. The same rules apply to capitalizing western as capitalizing west. For example, Southern US is proper because it is a specific region. Unless they are actually part of the place name, directions dont need to be capitalized, but this depends on personal preference (e.g., if it might make this clearer to the reader) and whether its specified by a style guide. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". TimesMojo is a social question-and-answer website where you can get all the answers to your questions. For example, Silicon Valley isn't a proprietary name or legally defined area, but it receives initial caps anyway. If youre referring to a specific location, such as the southern winds, southern should be lowercase. However, when giving an address, or in tables or other uses in which space is limited, use the US Postal Services symbol system, which consists of a two-letter abbreviation in which both letters are always capitalized and no periods are used (for example, NY for New York). are widely recognized as popular names and are thus capitalized. Everyone on the bus tour enjoyed the Southern food in Tennessee. The state postal codes were formalized into two character abbreviations in 1963. At 8.47 ("Popular place names or epithets"), CMOS notes that certain other regions and epithets receive initial caps as well. (1) often capitalized: of or relating to any of various population groups having dark pigmentation of the skin (black Americans) (2) : of or relating to the African-American people or their culture (black literature) (a black college) (black pride) (black studies) From Merriam-Webster Dictionary Part of the definition for white Clearly, LA, OC, and SD are part of Southern California, but there are a lot of other places that are located in southern California that are not located in Southern California, such as Palm Springs, Salton Sea, Joshua Tree, Blythe, etc. only if it's a proper name. The Starved Rock Lodge offers world-famous midwestern hospitality in a scenic environment. The correct sentence is Carlotta and I love Halloween. Should "west coast" be capitalized if it is referring to the western region of the U.S.? Using Kolmogorov complexity to measure difficulty of problems? Southern belle (from French belle 'beautiful') is a colloquialism for a debutante in the planter class of the Antebellum South. In contrast, The Chicago Manual of Style (Chicago style) recommends lowercasing specific U.S. geographic regions used as adjectives:3. Please include the research youve done. A region can be a city, town, village, country, continent, or any area that comes under the jurisdiction or administration of a state. Many scholars now study the global South. When you're talking about America's West Coast or the Middle East, the directional word is also part of a proper name, and it gets a capital letter. However, it is only compulsory to do so when "North" is part of a proper noun. Related, but not duplicates (in my opinion): As definitive as it gets. Title Case Capitalization (APA 7th) Sentence Case Capitalization (APA 7th) The same applies for related adjectives and other compass directions: We live in the eastern part of the country. When the name of a city and state are used together, the name of the state should be abbreviated (except for Alaska, Hawaii, Idaho, Iowa, Maine, Ohio, Texas and Utah). By convention, however, southern is capitalized when it refers to the region of California: I live in Southern California. With states, lowercase in most uses: northern New York. This seems a difficult case; as this discussion at. Another example, "Eastern" in the phrase "Eastern bankers" is capitalized since the word denotes a certain group of people. Dont capitalize names of directions like north, south, east, and west when used to refer to direction and location, but do capitalize these words when they appear in the names of places and regions. Capitalization Do not capitalize federal, state, department, division, board, program, section, unit, etc., unless the word is part of a formal name. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. When in doubt, lowercase. When referring to regions, capitalize these words. When referring to Greek, Roman, and other groups of gods and goddesses, only the name is capitalized. In general, lowercase north, south, northeast, northern, etc., when they indicate compass direction. A diathermal wall between two thermodynamic systems in thermodynamics allows heat transfer but does not allow for the transfer of matter across it. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. Southern California; West Texas; the Lower East Side of New York; If in doubt, use lowercase. proofreading, In short, it says to capitalize northern, southern, eastern, western and related words when they refer to the PEOPLE in a region or what they DO (i.e., their political, cultural or social activities) or are part of the place name. Is Southern capitalized in southern states? Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. When proofreading or editing documents, we often find that writers are confused about when to capitalize these terms. Most style guides recommend capitalizing "West Coast" when referring to the western seaboard of the U.S. hi, should i capitalize 'west' in 'west Africa' or 'north' in north Africa'? You should capitalize North, South, East, and West when theyre part of a proper noun (i.e., the name of a unique thing). In domains such as ecology, physical geography, environmental geography, and zoogeography, regions are typically based on ecosystems, biomes, natural regions, drainage basins, soil types, mountain ranges, and other natural features. When to capitalize North East south west? Use capital letters in the following ways: The first words of a sentence When he tells a joke, he sometimes forgets the punch line. Why do many companies reject expired SSL certificates as bugs in bug bounties? However, if instead you reference a general location, such as "the southern winds," then the word southern should be lowercase. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. the Southern States the Eastern Seaboard Northern Ireland the Western Hemisphere In what contexts would I capitalize "city" and "county"? However, if youre referring to a specific region, such as the east coast of the United States, keep the words lowercase. Names of racial and ethnic groups are treated as proper nouns, which means they are capitalized (e.g., African American, Asian American, Black, European American, First Nations, Hispanic, Native American, Latinx, White). The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". Should southern be capitalized? State names had to be abbreviated to make room for the ZIP code. Short story taking place on a toroidal planet or moon involving flying, Doubling the cube, field extensions and minimal polynoms. Lowercase north, south, northeast, etc. So, noun will be always first capital letter. It's the inconsistency or the abrupt switching between capitalized letters and lowercase letters is what that puts readers off. Capitalizing western and capitalizing west have the same rules. The correct answer is option C. In option A, the word Chemistry is only capitalized leaving the other proper noun in lower case. To find out when to capitalize North, South, East, and West, read our guide to capitalizing directions below. The same rule applies for specific regions when you add -ern onto the end of a direction. Some could argue the word "Southerner" in the sentence denotes someone who belongs to a specific region, and the letter "S" should therefore be capitalized. Are both letters capitalized in state abbreviations? Capitalize a persons title when it precedes the name. But if someone prefers "African American," use that term rather than a more generic "black." Did any DOS compatibility layers exist for any UNIX-like systems before DOS started to become outmoded? So, should you capitalize regions when writing? For example, we capitalizenorth,south,east, andwest when the terms refer to regions or cultures: Customs in the East differ from those in the West. Back East. Whether youre writing an essay, email, or cover letter, youll likely use parentheses. South-East Albania? When used to refer to direction and location, dont capitalize the names of directions like north, south, east, or west; however, when they appear in the names of places and regions, do capitalize these words. If youre referring to a collection of proper nouns, such as the Southern States, this is the case. If you have a question about whether a specific word should be capitalized that doesn't fit under one of these rules, try checking a dictionary to see if the word is capitalized there. Which sentence is capitalized correctly Carlotta? (Cap or no cap on east and west). When using a U.S. geographic region as an adjective, the decision to capitalize or lowercase will depend on your style guide. The West Coast has beautiful scenery. She moved from the East Coast to the West Coast. When these words are included in the place name, however, they must be capitalized. The word 'southern' shouldn't be capitalized in a sentence unless it is a proper noun. Most style guides say that compass points and the terms derived from them are lowercased if they just mean direction or location. The names of things are known as common nouns. The administration's solution: Ease credit for riskier borrowers. She moved from the East Coast to the West Coast. However, in certain pairings, the common noun appears after a name or proper noun for instance, "the Highlands Region". North, east, south, and west are the four cardinal directions, often marked by the initials N, E, S, and W. East and west are at right angles to north and south. "The State Finance Department," for example, is a good example.
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