rajatarangini was translated into persian by

The broad valley of Kashmir, also spelled Cashmere[2] is almost completely surrounded by the Great Himalayas and the Pir Panjal range. . Rajatarangini was composed by Kalhana, scion of a noble family of Kashmir. Kalhaa's account of Kashmir begins with the legendary reign of Gonarda, who was contemporary to Yudhishthira of the Mahbhrata, but the recorded history of Kashmir, as retold by Kalhaa begins from the period of the Mauryas. To avoid this outcome, the king married his daughter Anangalekha to Durlabhavardhana, a handsome but non-royal man from Ashvaghama. [8] Aryarajas were mostly Hindus. However, very little about those reigns are known anyway in compare to the later dynasties. The book has a magisterial Foreword by Puthezhath Raman Menon, a considerable figure in Malayalam literature and a contemporary of the translator. Verse 12. He also got the Mahabharata and Rajatarangini. Uchchala's brother; ascended throne with Gargachandra's support, Harsha's grandson, who had escaped Uchchala's revolt. Mahabharata, Ramayana, Atharva Veda, Lilawati, Rajatarangini translated into Persian. The king imprisoned Toramana, when the latter stuck royal coins in his own name. He endorsed the work to a few officials to make translations of the Sanskrit books Rajatarangini, Ramayana and Mahabharata into the Persian language. A town named Shihabud-dinpura aka Shadipur was founded by him. The Journal of Asian Studies [32] He died in 1550 after being killed in battle with the Kashmiris. Is domestic violence against men Recognised in India? Ascended the throne after her death, beginning, Abdicated the throne in favour of his son, but retained power through his minister Haladhara, Rebelled against his parents, leading to the suicide of his father Ananta, followed by, Second son of Kalasha. Postmodernism refers to mid to late 20th century. Running into almost 8000 stanzas that are inconsistently disseminated among eight books or areas, the. He subdued several enemies. For example, Ranaditya is given a reign of 300 years. Jizya was abolished too in his command. . Answer. Some of the architectural projects commissioned by the dynasty in Kashmir include: Tomb of the Mother of Zain-ul-Abidin in Srinagar. Researchers who showed up at this portrayal of the Rajatarangini as the first work of history, the last referenced drawing out the basic release of the Rajatarangini and its full English interpretation, which is perused right up til the present time. However, the intent of the translations has been insufficiently analyzed in the context of the interrelationship between Orientalist and nationalist projects and the historical and literary ideas that informed them. For example, Kalhana has highly exaggerated the military conquests of Lalitaditya Muktapida.[18][19]. and interdisciplinary publications, both books and journals. Verse 14. Zain-ul-Abidin was also known as 'the Akbar of Kashmir'. He was a great-grandson of a Viradeva, a Kutumbi (V.469). Sultan Zain-Ul-Abidin of Kashmir had the famous historical work, Rajatarangini, and the Mahabharata translated into Persian. After ruling indirectly and directly. [31] Arriving in Kashmir, Haidar installed as sultan the head of the Sayyid faction, Nazuk. Zain ul Abidin, a 15th century ruler of Kashmir, appointed scribes to translate the Mahabharata and Kalhana's Rajatarangini into Persian with the aim that these translations would give an insight into Hindu philosophy and culture to the rest of the world. Because of the rising Buddhist influence, people stopped following the Shaivite, Gonanda III founded a new dynasty. The Mahabharata, Ramayana, Atharva Veda, Lilawati, Rajatarangini was translated into Persian. He was adopted as a son by his maternal grandfather, and assumed the title Pratapaditya after the title of the grandfather's dynasty. From the Pen of Jonarja, Court Pait to Suln Zayn al-bidn. It covers the whole range of history in the Kashmir district from the earliest times to the date of its synthesis. magnitude of the journals program within the Press is unique among American [2] The dynasty is named after its founder, Shah Mir. Taking action accordingly, regardless of initiating Kalhana an extraordinary student of history, Ramesh Chandra Majumdar2 discussed his exceptionally faulty strategy comprising in consideration of legendary or amazing lords, an ignorant religiosity in the Epics and Puranas (antiquated Indian kinds portraying the previous), confidence in black magic and sorcery, clarification of occasions as because of the impact of destiny instead of to any normal reason, an overall instructional propensity roused by Hindu perspectives on karma, and simple showcase of poetical and logical expertise. Romila Thapar additionally excused Kalhanas moralism and teaching. For example, Ranaditya is given a reign of 300 years. 1 Next Sultan of Kashmir was Haji Khan, who succeeded his father Zain-ul-Abidin and took the title of Haidar Khan.[30]. Postmodernism is the literary period, the beat generation aligned with. Deccan education society is an organization which runs 43 education establishments in Maharastra, Pune founded by Bal Gangadhar Tilak. Uninvolved by and by in the frenzy of contemporary legislative issues, he was significantly impacted by it and expressed the accompanying. Kavya as a genre has had a prominent place in traditional Malayalam poetics, so the austere aesthetics of Kalhanas work will strike a chord with readers, particularly those with a yen for that stimulating mixture of Sanskrit and Malayalam of yore, termed Manipravala. What is the best compliment to give to a girl? Rajatarangini, (Sanskrit: River of Kings) historical chronicle of early India, written in Sanskrit verse by the Kashmiri Brahman Kalhana in 1148, that is justifiably considered to be the best and most authentic work of its kind. Get answers to the most common queries related to the Railway Examination Preparation. Corrections? When did the capital of India shift from Kolkata to New Delhi? Turn on. View Answer He filled his court with, Shreshtasena (Pravarasena I / Tungjina II), According to Kalhana, the emperor Vikramditya (alias Harsha) of, Younger brother of Vikramaditya. Son of Partha. The polar ends of the subcontinent that these two regions represent have been lyrically evoked in the familiar poetic description of himavatsethuparyanthaam. What are three different irrational numbers between the rational numbers 5 by 7 and 9 by 11? He reigned for three years and five months from 1339 to 1342 CE. The dynasty was established by Shah Mir in 1339 CE, there are two theories regarding Shah Mir's origin. There are four English translations of Rjatarangi by: A television series based on Rajatarangini named Meeras was begun in 1986 in Doordarshan Srinagar. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. He was (I.191) the first of his race. In the early years of his reign, the actual power was held by Sussala. Cite earlier authors: The oldest extensive works containing the royal chronicles [of Kashmir] have become fragmentary in consequence of [the appearance of] Suvrata's composition, who condensed them in order that (their substance) might be easily remembered. Kalhaa's account also states that the city of Srinagar was founded by the Mauryan emperor, Ashoka, and that Buddhism reached the Kashmir valley during this period. Jonaraja became a Kashmiri antiquarian and Sanskrit writer. By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. The Lohara family was founded by a Nara of Darvabhisara (IV.712). His Dvity Rjataragin can be a continuation of Kalhanas Rjataragin and brings the annal of the rulers of Kashmir proper right down to the hour of the creators supporter Zain-ul-Abidin. Kalhana in his opening Taranga of Rajatarangini presents his views on how history ought to be written. Son of Vijaya: his "long arms reached to his knees". Rajatarangini (The River of Kings) is a metrical historical chronicle of north-western Indian subcontinent, particularly the kings of Kashmir, written in Sanskrit by Kashmiri Brahman Kalhana in 12th century CE. [4] It is known, however, that Mihirakula was the son of Toramana. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". It was written in Sanskrit by Kashmiri historian Kalhana in the 12th century CE. Sultan Sikandar (1389-1413 CE), was the sixth ruler of the Shah Mir Dynasty. Among other things that fall within its wide sweep, the work contains references not only to such things as the countrys episodic encounters with China across the border, but also to the depredations of Mahmud Ghazni in Kashmirs neighbourhood around 1013 that portended the eventual Islamic conquest of Kashmir, the land variously heirs to the spiritual heritage of Hindu, Buddhist and Jain faiths. The Hindi translation of Pandeya Ram Tej is another well-acclaimed book. 10-year-old child of Nirjitavarman; placed on throne by the Tantrins. The Rajatarangini is a Sanskrit account of the various monarchies of Kashmir, prior to the advent of Islam. Compared to translations in other languages, Raman Menons craft is remarkable for its lucidity and elegance. for this article. Total loading time: 0 The actual power was in hands of Jayadevi's brothers Padma, Utpalaka, Kalyana, Mamma and Dharmma. The famous story of Nala and Damayanti was also rendered into Persian by Faizi and was . The Shah Mir dynasty was a dynasty that ruled the region of Kashmir in the Indian subcontinent. Toramana's son Pravarasena, who had been brought up in secrecy by his mother Anjana, freed him. was Abul Fazl translated the Panch Tantra (Anwar-i-Sahili) and Faizi the story of NalDamayanti into Persian. Verse 11. In Books V and VI the history of the dynasty continues to 1003, when the kingdom of Kashmir passed on to a new dynasty, the Lohara. During the reign of Zain-ul-Abideen, the eighth Sultan of Kashmir, Mulla Ahmad translated Kalhana's Rajatarangini into Persian. Although the earlier books are inaccurate in their chronology, they still provide an invaluable source of information about early Kashmir and its neighbors in the north western parts of the Indian subcontinent, and are widely referenced by later historians and ethnographers. Neither in style nor in authenticity do these works approximate the quality of Kalhanas Rajatarangini. The Rajataringini provides the earliest source on Kashmir that can be labeled as a historical text on this region. [18] Iinternal rebellions were ably suppressed. He looked into an assortment of epigraphic sources connecting with illustrious tributes, development of sanctuaries, and land awards; he concentrated on coins, fantastic remaining parts, family records, and nearby practices. Uninvolved by and by in the frenzy of contemporary legislative issues, he was significantly impacted by it and expressed the accompanying. His Dvity Rjataragin can be a continu Answer. Sultan Shihabud-din did not have a large number of soldiers to battle against the Kashgar army. Several coins of a king named Toramana have been found in the Kashmir region. that the material was genuinely picky. We have migrated to a new commenting platform. Zianu-l Abidin of Kashmir deputed the famous Sanskrit scholar Jonaraja and Srivara for the completion of Rajatarangini to bring the history of Kashmir up-to-date. Kalhana was a poet. that Shah Mir traced his descent to Arjuna, the basis of their account being Jonarajas Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. The couple sheltered their citizens in the royal palace during a severe famine resulting from heavy frost. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Critically Edited by Walter Slaje with an Annotated Translation, Indexes and Maps. It is a very good painting of the beyond with splendid recorded understanding. [15], He was the only Shah Mir ruler to keep Hindu courtiers in his court. May 29, 2021 04:35 pm | Updated July 06, 2022 12:26 pm IST. Subscriber Only Stories View All Buy 2-year plan with SD20 code for special price Researchers who showed up at this portrayal of the Rajatarangini as the first work of history, the last referenced drawing out the basic release of the Rajatarangini and its full English interpretation, which is perused right up til the present time. Rajatarangini, paintings of Kalhana written by a 12th century CE writer can be a piece essential in understanding the historical backdrop of Kashmir. Rajatarangini ("The River of Kings") is a metrical legendary and historical chronicle of the north-western part of India, particularly the kings of Kashmir. Sussala's son. It was translated into Persian by the orders of the later Muslim ruler Zain-ul-Abidin. European Orientalist researchers who concentrated on the text from the mid-nineteenth century onwards called the Rajatarangini the solo work of history legitimate to rise out of old India. Built a new city called Damodarasuda, and a dam called Guddasetu. Made king by the minister Shura. Translation of " " into Persian . The young Chippatajayapida was advised by his maternal uncle Utpalaka or Utpala (IV.679). In that officials, Abul Fazi translated Ramayana into Persian. Content may require purchase if you do not have access. Son of Hiranyakula. Established the city of. Answer. The chronicles only start to align with other evidence by book IV. His access to minute details of contemporary court intrigues was almost direct: his father and uncle were both in the Kashmir court. 3 Who was the last king of Gonanda dynasty? Rajatarangini belongs. The translators of Rajatarangini framed the text as more than a solitary example of Indian historical writing; rather, they engaged with it on multiple levels, drawing out, debating, and rethinking the definitions of literature and history and the relative significance of and relationship between them in capturing the identity of the nation and its regions. Horace Hayman Wilson partially translated the work, and wrote an essay based on it, titled The Hindu History of Kashmir (published in Asiatic Researches Volume 15). Gopikrishna Shastri (Ujjain) also translated the work into. Another television serial based on this work has been completed by National Award winning director, Jyoti Sarup. does also publish two journals of advanced mathematics and a few publications "useRatesEcommerce": false Kalhana describes Shamkaravarman (883902) thus (Stein's trans. He tried to abduct a Nga woman, who was the wife of a Brahmin. Son of Parvagupta and husband of Didda (a member of the. In 1574, Akbar established a translation bureau (maktab khana) at his capital of Fatehpur Sikri. the solo work of history legitimate to rise out of old India. Discuss, Ram Mohan Roy was given the title of Raja by. The most glorious period of the Lodi Dynasty was the ruling period of Sikander Lodi. Book VII brings the narrative to the death of King Harsha (1101), and Book VIII deals with the stormy events between the death of Harsha and the stabilization of authority under Kalhanas contemporary Jayasimha (reigned 112849). Historian A. Q. Rafiqi states that some Persian chronicles of Kashmir describe Shah Mir as a descendant of the rulers of Swat. for primarily professional audiences (e.g., in law or medicine). Made his brother Sussala the ruler of Lohara. Look through examples of translation in sentences, listen to pronunciation and learn grammar. in the broad and interdisciplinary area of "theory and history of cultural production," The only significance of his rule is that the Sufi saint Mir Sayyid Ali Hamadani arrived at Kashmir in his reign. Son of Lalitapida and his concubine Jayadevi. His short reign was marked by a succession struggle with his half-brother Vajraditya II. Verse 15. Kalhana's work uses Kali and Laukika (or Saptarishi) calendar eras: the ascension year in CE, as given below, has been calculated by Dutt based on Kalhana's records. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". Deposed by the minister Shura. Son of Aksha. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Raman Menons translation bears the signature of his scholarly skills, derived from mastery of both Sanskrit and Malayalam. According to the Mahabharata, the Kambojs ruled Kashmir during the epic period (The epic period is estimated to be roughly from 1000 to 600 BC, when some of the greatest epics such as; Ramayana and Mahabharata, came into being during this time). [5] The total reign of the following kings is mentioned as 1266 years. There are several discrepancies between the Ashoka mentioned in Kalhana's account and the Mauryan emperor Ashoka. A virtuous king, he was seduced and killed by a woman named Vatta, along with several of his sons and grandsons. Like other translations of the work, it is in prose. Siddha, the son of Nara, was saved from Nga's fury, because he was away from the capital at the time. Among the renowned translations of the work in later years were those by Aurel Stein in 1900 and by Ranjit S. Pandit in 1935, the latter with a Foreword by Jawaharlal Nehru. The book closes with the establishment of the Karkota Naga dynasty by Durlabhaka Pratapaditya II, and it is from Book IV on that Rajatarangini takes on the character of a dependable historical narrative. According to D. C. Sircar, Kalhana has confused the legendary Vikramaditya of Ujjain with the Vardhana Emperor Harsha (c. 606-47 CE). Contextual translation of "poyu ta" from Persian into Tagalog. 1 Who translated Rajatarangini in Kashmiri? Complete Answer: In 1574 Akbar began a Maktab Khana or a place of interpretation works in Fatehpur Sikri. It is a Sanskrit file of the diverse look of Islam. Answer: [C] Jonaraja Notes: Sultan Sikandar established a department to translate Sanskrit works into Persia and vice versa in Kashmir. If you are already a registered user of The Hindu and logged in, you may continue to engage with our articles. He endorsed the work to a few officials to make translations of the Sanskrit books Rajatarangini, Ramayana and Mahabharata into the Persian language. elsewhere. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. In 1574, Akbar started an Maktab Khana or a house of translation works in his new capital of Fatehpur Sikri. Let us know more about Rajatarangini. Learn about a brief history of Adi Shankaracharya, one of the most revered teachers in India's spiritual history. It emerged in South Asia after its ancestor dialects were subtle there from the northwest inside the overdue Bronze Ag. His son Kshemagupta married Didda, daughter of Simharaja of Lohara. Who translated Rajatarangini in Kashmiri? It exposes its own biases instead", "Review of Kingship in Kamr (AD11481459). Kalhana lived in a time of political turmoil in Kashmir, at that time a brilliant center of civilization in a sea of barbarism. Book III starts with an account of the reign of Meghavahana of the restored line of Gonanda and refers to the brief reign of Matrigupta, a supposed contemporary of Vikramaditya Harsha of Malwa. Little is known about him except from what he tells us about himself in the opening verses of his book. Jonaraja became a Kashmiri antiquarian and Sanskrit writer. His son Kshemagupta married Didda, daughter of Simharaja of Lohara. His admittance to minute subtleties of contemporary court interests was practically immediate: his dad and uncle were both in the Kashmir court. It covers the whole range of history in the Kashmir district from the earliest times to its synthesis. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. Kalhana says that Samdhimat Aryaraja used to spend the most delightful Kashmir summer in worshiping a lingam formed of snow/ice in the regions above the forests (II.138). This refers to the fact that the power had passed to the brothers of a queen, who was born in a family of spirit-distillers. The translation of the Mahabharata and Kalhana's Rajatarangini into Persian was its most outstanding achievement. involving the history, arts, social sciences, philosophy, and contemporary . [10] The Rajatarangini is a Sanskrit account of the various monarchies of Kashmir, prior to the advent of Islam. Gonanda was the first king and a contemporary and enemy of the Hindu deity Krishna. Because of this, the Nga chief burnt down the king's city, and the king died in the fire. Translation of "puhdas" into Persian . [clarification needed], From Infogalactic: the planetary knowledge core, Koenraad Elst: Update on the Aryan Invasion Debate 1999, https://infogalactic.com/w/index.php?title=Rajatarangini&oldid=559022, Articles needing expert attention with no reason or talk parameter, Articles needing expert attention from November 2008, Articles with disputed statements from March 2012, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from June 2011, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, About Infogalactic: the planetary knowledge core. From there, Buddhism spread to several other adjoining regions including Central Asia, Tibet and China. View all Google Scholar citations Subsequent English translations of Kalhana's Rajatarangini include: Several books containing legendary stories from Rajatarangini have been compiled by various authors. A view of Ziyarat Naqshband Sahab from its yard. Called "the blind" because of his small eyes. After his death, the queen committed. After a couple of generations a Vijaya from another family took the throne (II.62). By looking at the inscriptions recording the consecrations of temples and grants by former kings, at laudatory inscriptions and at written works, the trouble arising from many errors has been overcome. A Shaivite during whose reigns Buddhists also flourished. Kalhana was an educated and sophisticated Sanskrit scholar, well-connected in the highest political circles. Kalhana himself, notwithstanding, doesnt appear to have worked for any ruler. This item is part of a JSTOR Collection. He called back the Hindus who had left Kashmir during his father reign and allowed building of temples. He devoted his time to sensual pleasures, and neglected royal duties. The author of the Rajatarangini history chronicles the rulers of the valley from earliest times, from the epic period of the Mahbhrata to the reign of Sangrama Deva (c.1006 CE), before the Muslim era. Made king by Mamma and Yashovarman. Copyright 2019 Sawaal.com | All Rights Reserved. Salhana was deposed and imprisoned. How long is MOT certificate normally valid? Kalhana states that Lalitaditya Muktapida conquered the tribes of the north and after defeating the. [7][8] Some scholars state that the Panjgabbar valley was peopled by Khasas and so ascribe a Khasa ethnicity to Shah Mir. Son of Lalitaditya and Kamaladevi. Abul Fazl translated the Panch Tantra (Anwar-i-Sahili) and Faizi the story of Nal-Damayanti into Persian. Ramcharitmanas , accomplished it in 1969. [4] It has also been suggested that he belonged to a family which accompanied the sage Mir Sayyid Ali Hamadani, and who were associated to either the Kubrawiya Sufi groups in Kashmir. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. He was a religious king, and followed a near-ascetic lifestyle. You can try more lenient search to get some results. Abu 'l-Fadl Allami, Nizam al-Din and Firishta also state that Shah Mir traced his descent to Arjuna, the basis of their account being Jonaraja's Rajatarangini, which Mulla Abd al-Qadir Bada'uni translated into Persian at Akbar's orders. After this battle, the regions of Ladakh and Baltistan which were under the rule of Kashgar came under the rule of Shah Miris.Sultan also marched towards Delhi and the army of Feroz Shah Tughlaq opposed him at the banks of River Satluj. Son of Jayapida and Durgi. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Zain-ul-Abidin was the eighth sultan of Kashmir. [6] Although "Jina" is a term generally associated with Jainism, some ancient sources use it to refer to the Buddha. In subsequent years, through his tact and ability Shah Mir rose to prominence and became one of the most important personalities of his time. [13], Shah Mir arrived in Kashmir in 1313 along with his family, during the reign of Suhadeva (13011320), whose service he entered. Her son was Chippatajayapida. is a record of the illustrious administrations that administered the realm of Kashmir from its putative starting points to the writers own time. He is most remembered for his Advaita Vedantist text, the Dasbodh. His writing is full of literary devices and allusions, concealed by his unique and elegant style. The relative Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors.

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